Анотация: The JRC Annual Conference Proceedings report sums up the JRC Annual Conference 2016 which focused on the importance of human capital for the prosperity of regions and cities. The conference took place on 11 October 2016, at the Bozar in Brussels, within the framework of the European Week of Regions and Cities. Around 400 participants representing different academic fields, regions, cities, business and international organisations participated. During the conference, the European CommissionТs Knowledge Centre for Territorial Policies was launched. Conference this year was to explore how Member States, regions and cities can harness the potential of their human capital within the current and future socio-economic and environmental challenges, and make their territories dynamic, creative and more resilient to external shocks. (Introduction)